طراحی و تحلیل فقهی قراردادهای هوشمند صادرات گاز مبتنی بر فناوری‌های نوین پولی و مالی بر مبنای قواعد فقه معاملات و الزامات فنی اجرای خودکار تعهدات

The transformation of international energy trade and the emergence of modern monetary and financial technologies particularly blockchain based smart contracts have brought new challenges to the fundamental principles of Islamic jurisprudence of transactions. Within this context, the need to reinterpret classical jurisprudential doctrines such as intent and consent (qasd wa riḍā), knowledge of consideration (‘ilm bi-l-‘iwaḍayn), gharar (uncertainty), jahl (ignorance), lā-ḍarar (no harm) and conditions and options (shurūṭ wa khiyārāt) in light of the technical requirements of self-executing contractual obligations has become increasingly evident.This study aims to design and conduct a jurisprudential analysis of smart gas export contracts within the framework of Imami jurisprudence, in order to elucidate the relationship among Shariah rules, self-executing systems and digital payment technologies. Subsequently, mechanisms such as non-interest escrow accounts, multi-source oracles for gas delivery and pricing verification, decision automation through intelligent agents, and algorithmic arbitration are examined from both jurisprudential and technical perspectives. The findings demonstrate that by precisely redefining the concepts of knowledge of consideration, delivery and possession and liability arising from data errors, a theoretical and operational bridge can be built between Imami jurisprudence and smart contract technology. The study concludes by proposing a jurisprudential technological framework for smart gas export contracts that ensures compliance with Islamic principles and international trade law requirements.