Pathology and Criticism of the Performance of Banking System in Iran from the Perspective of Economic Justice

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Professor, Islamic Culture and Thinking Rsearch Institute, Qom, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Eqbal Lahoori Institute of Higher Education. Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

After the Islamic revolution, justice was always one of the major polices of the leader. But performance of banking system from the perspective of justice was criticized by the economic experts. Scientific criticism must be based on the performance evaluation and empirical evidence. Measuring justice dimensions and its components requires the use of appropriate indicators. Considering the criticism of the banking system about the weakness of justice, in this paper, we examine the issue that the position of justice in the Iran banking system is improving. Therefore a number of justice indicators in the field of Islamic banking were extracted and then estimated the degree of compliance of the banking system with the criteria and indexes of justice by using the secondary data of the central bank. Non-parametric statistical methods named Mann-Kendall trend test was conducted for detecting the trends of each factor. Improving the components of justice (fairly distribution of resources, realization the purpose of depositor, poverty alleviation, and realization the rights of the parties) were tested through four hypotheses. The results showed that all of the justice factors, except the “realization the purpose of depositor” have no significant improving. In other words, the “realization the purpose of depositor” has a significant increasing trend. Furthermore, there was a downward trend in “fairly distribution of resources” and “poverty alleviation”. Also significant increasing trend of “non-realization the rights of the parties” was identified.

Keywords

آمدی تمیمی، عبدالواحد (1366). غررالحکم و دررالکلم. تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
اصولی، سیدحسن، و اسدی، اصغر (1391). تبیین مدل ارزیابی بانکداری اسلامی با تأکید برشاخص­های اجرایی. شاخص­های ارزیابی بانکداری اسلامی. مجموعه مقالات همایش بانکداری اسلامی بانک رفاه.
باقرپور، مهسا؛ سیدیان، سیدمرتضی؛ فتح­آبادی، ابوالحسن؛ و محمدی، امین (1396). بررسی کارایی آزمون مان-کندال در شناسایی روند سری­های دارای خودهمبستگی. فصلنامه علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری ایران، 11(36)، 11-21.
رجایی، سیدمحمدکاظم (1394). درآمدی بر شاخص­های اقتصادی الگوی اسلامی- ایرانی پیشرفت. قم: مؤسسه آموزشی و پژوهشی امام خمینی(ره).
رجایی، سیدمحمدکاظم، و معلمی، سیدمهدی (1394). درآمدی بر مفهوم عدالت اقتصادی و شاخص­های آن. قم: مؤسسه آموزشی و پژوهشی امام خمینی(ره).
عیوضلو، حسین، و کریمی­ریزی، مجید (1394). شناسایی و اندازه­گیری شاخص عدالت و کارایی در نظام بانکی (مورد مطالعه: بانک توسعه صادرات ایران، استان اصفهان). دوفصلنامه مطالعات اقتصاد اسلامی، 8(15)، 121-146.
محقق­نیا، محمدجواد (1394). درآمدی بر شاخص­های بانکداری اسلامی. قم: مؤسسه آموزشی و پژوهشی امام خمینی(ره).
محقق­نیا، محمدجواد (1391). سخنرانی در افتتاحیه همایش بانکداری اسلامی در مشهد. شاخص­های ارزیابی بانکداری اسلامی: مجموعه مقالات همایش بانکداری اسلامی بانک رفاه، تهران: عترت‌نو، 9-15.
محمدزاده، یوسف؛ قهرمانی، هادی؛ و قدسی­ماب، محمدعلی (1395). ارزیابی اهداف و عملکرد بانکداری اسلامی در ایران و سایر کشورهای اسلامی. فصلنامه اقتصاد و بانکداری اسلامی، 5(17)، 7-32.
موسویان، سیدعباس (۱۳۹۲). شاخص­های ارزیابی بانکداری اسلامی (مطالعه موردی سیاست‌های کلی ابلاغی از سوی مقام معظم رهبری در تدوین برنامه پنجم توسعه و تحقق آن). قم: نشر زمزم هدایت.
موسویان، سیدعباس، و میثمی، حسین (1395). بانکداری اسلامی (۱): مبانی نظری- تجارب عملی (ویراست پنجم). تهران: پژوهشکده پولی و بانکی بانک مرکزی جمهوری اسلامی ایران.
میثمی، حسین، و قلیچ، وهاب (1390). آسیب­شناسی اجرای بانکداری اسلامی در کشور، دلالت‌هایی برای تحول در نظام بانکی. فصلنامه تازه‌های اقتصاد، تابستان، 33(132)،
91-101.
Antonio, M. S., Sanrego, Y. D., & Taufiq, M. (2012). An Analysis of Islamic Banking Performance: Maqashid Index Implementation in Indonesia and Jordania. Journal of Islamic Finance, 176(813), 1-18.
Amodi Tamimy, A. (1987). Ghorar al-Hikam & Durar al-Kalim, Tehran University Press
Bagherpoor, M., Seyedian, S.M., Fathabadi A. H. & Mohamadi, A. (2017). Study of Mann-Kendall Test Performance in Detecting the Series of Autocorrelation. Journal of Iran-Watershed Management Science & Engineering, 11(36), 11-21.
Dias, R. W. M., (1982). Jurisprudence (5th Ed.). UK: Butterworth & co, Publishers, Ltd.
Eivaslou, H.; Karimi Rizi, M. (2015). Recognition and Evaluation Criteria of Justice and Efficiency in Banking (Case study: Export Development Bank of Iran in Esfahan). Journal of Islamic Economic Studies, 8(1), pp. 121-146.
Hartono, S., & Sobari, A. (2017). Sharia Maqashid Index as a Measuring Performance of Islamic Banking: a More Holistic Approach. Corporate Ownership & Control, 14(2), 193-201.
Kamla, R., & G. Rammal, H. (2013). Social Reporting by Islamic Banks: Does Social Justice Matter?. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 26(6), 911-945.
Karatepe, O. M. (2006). Customer Complaints and Organizational Responses: the Effects of Complainants’ Perceptions of Justice on Satisfaction and Loyalty. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25(1), 69-90.
Kendall, M. G. (1970). Rank Correlation Methods 2nd edn (New York: Hafner).
Khoi, D. N., & Trang, H. T. (2016). Analysis of Changes in Precipitation and Extremes Events in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Procedia Engineering, 142, 229-235.
Kumar, S., Merwade, V., Kam, J., & Thurner, K. (2009). Streamflow Trends in Indiana: Effects of Long Term Persistence, Precipitation and Subsurface Drains. Journal of Hydrology, 374(1-2), 171-183.
Meysami,H.,& Ghelich, M. (2011). Pathology of the Implementation of Islamic Banking in the Country: Implications for the Evolution of the Banking System. Journal of New Economics, (132), 91-101.
Mann, H. B. (1945). Nonparametric Tests Against Trend. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 245-259.
Mirakhor, A., & Askari, H. (2010). Islam and the Path to Human and Economic Development. Springer.
Mohaghegh nia, M.J. (2015). Interpretation of Islamic Banking Indexes. Qom: Publication of Imam Khomeini (RA) Education and Research Institute.
Mohaghegh nia, M. (2012). Speech in inaugural Islamic banking conference in Mashhad. Indicators of Islamic Banking Evaluation: Proceedings of the Islamic Banking Conference of the Refah Bank, Tehran: Publication of Etrat-e no, 9-15.
Mohamadzadeh, Y., Ghahremani, H., & Ghodsi Ma’ab, M.A. (2017). Evaluation of the Goals and Performance of Islamic Banking in Iran and Other Islamic Countries. Journal of Islamic Economic and Banking, 14(17), 7-32.
Musavian, S.A. (2013). Assessment indexes of Islamic Banking (Case Study: General policies of 5th Development Plan). Qom: Zamzam-e Hedayat publication.
Musavian, S.A. & Meysami, H. (2016). Islamic Banking (1): Theories-Practice (5th Ed.). Tehran: Publication of Monetary and Banking Research Institute.
Osuli, S.H., & Asadi, A. (2012). Explaining Islamic Banking Assessment Model with Emphasis on Performance Indicators. Indicators of Islamic Banking Evaluation: Proceedings of the Islamic Banking Conference of the Refah Bank, Tehran: Publication of Etrat-e no, 41-60.
Rajaee, S.M.K. (2015). An Introduction to the Economic Indexes in Islamic-Iranian Progress Model. Qom: Publication of Imam Khomeini (RA) Education and Research Institute.
Rajaee, S.M.K., & Moallemi, S.M. (2015). An Introduction to the Concept of Economic Justice Concept and its Indexes. Qom: Publication of Imam Khomeini (RA) Education and Research Institute.
Salmi, T. (2002). Detecting Trends of Annual Values of Atmospheric Pollutants by the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's Slope Estimates-the Excel Template Application Makesens. Ilmatieteen Laitos.
Sen, P. K. (1968). Estimates of the Regression Coefficient Based on Kendall's Tau. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 63(324), 1379-1389.
Tax, S. S., Brown, S. W., & Chandrashekaran, M. (1998). Customer Evaluations of Service Complaint Experiences: Implications for Relationship Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 62(2), 60-76.
Yue, S., Pilon, P., Phinney, B., & Cavadias, G. (2002). The Influence of Autocorrelation on the Ability to Detect Trend in Hydrological Series. Hydrological Processes, 16(9), 1807-1829.