Understanding Different Types of Justice Theories Based on the Philosophical Dimensions: an Approach to Determine the Theoretical Nature Of the Justice Concept

Because of its complexity and broadness, the concept of justice has always been one
of the challenging topics in view of scholars over different historical eras. Each of
them has tried hard to explain this concept using different views. The result of such
efforts is a bunch of diverging and varied theories. Using the model of “principles,
concepts, prerequisites and indices” in the justice arena, this paper tries to shed light
on the concept of justice (to understand its principles and bases) using the Islamic
perspective and based on new classification of available theories. This action not
only provides a roadmap to follow but also smoothens the way to theorize justice.
So, the main question of the research would be: how one can define the theoretical
nature of the justice? In this regards, the qualitative approach has been used as the
research methodology and the content analysis has been used to gather and analyze
data.
Choosing a good instrument to classify the theories helps us to understand their
similarities and dissimilarities. To do so, after focusing on different available
classifications, some of them, which are more important, are chosen. The research
tries to analyze these theories and based upon this it tries to provide a new
classification grounded on three dimensions; which are related to philosophy,
humanity and value. This new classification not only lacks the shortcomings of
others but also is based on the Islamic principles. In addition and as a case study, the
justice theory of Ralws is analyzed considering the philosophical classification. This
effort would be a beginning for expanding the philosophical and religious views in
categorizing the justice literature.